Market Basket Survey of the Micronutrients Vitamin A, Vitamin D, Calcium, and Potassium in Eight Types of Commercial Plant-Based Milk Alternatives from United States Markets

Violeta Sevillano Pires, Joseph Zuklic, Jeanmaire Hryshko, Patricia Hansen, Marc Boyer, Jason Wan, Lauren S Jackson, Amandeep K Sandhu, Benjamin W Redan.

ACS Food Sci Technol.; 2023 Jan 20; 3(1):100-112. doi: 10.1021/acsfoodscitech.2c00317.

Abstract

We performed a market basket survey of plant-based milk alternatives (PBMAs) from the US market for vitamin A, vitamin D, calcium, and potassium to identify the amount and variability of these micronutrients across various PBMAs. The PBMA types included in this analysis were almond, cashew, coconut, hemp, oat, pea, rice, and soy (n=90 total product units). Analyses for vitamin A (as retinyl palmitate), vitamin D2/D3, and minerals were performed using high-performance liquid chromatography, liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry, respectively. A majority of PBMA types had significant differences (P<0.05) in the amounts of target micronutrients across brands. The coefficient of variation (%CV) for micronutrient concentrations within one lot of a single brand ranged from 4.1-42.2% for vitamin A, 1.5-44.1% for vitamin D, 1.7%-37.6% for calcium, and 0.7%-39.0% for potassium. The variability of these micronutrients should be taken into account when considering the nutritional value of PBMAs.

See https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36712962/

Figure 2. Vitamin A variability across different brands of PBMAs. Vitamin A in samples was detected as retinyl palmitate (expressed as RAE).

Brands with vitamin A below the LOD are labeled as Table 1. Values are shown as mean ± SD. Brands not sharing the same letter within a PBMA type are significantly different (P<0.05) as determined by Tukey’s HSD post hoc test. LOD, limit of detection; NS, not significant.