Cassava (Manihot esculenta) is a staple crop across the global south, yet modern varieties may have limited genetic diversity due to historical bottlenecks. We investigated the genomic diversity of over 1000 cassava genotypes, incorporating 387 newly sequenced Colombian landraces originating from diverse climates. We hypothesized that landraces retain untapped variation useful for breeding and adaptation. Whole-genome sequencing was used to characterize landraces and breeding lines.