Bacterial leaf blight (BLB), caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo), is one of the most devastating diseases threatening global rice production. In recent decades, a range of disease resistance genes have been identified in rice. These genes are involved in complex molecular mechanisms, such as the activation of immune receptors and defense signaling pathways, which trigger the plant's immune response to combat pathogen invasion. Some of these genes have been successfully applied in molecular breeding to develop new disease-resistant varieties.